Encapsulation in Java

Encapsulation is the process of wrapping data (variables) and code (methods) together as a single unit. It restricts direct access to some of the object's components.

Example

public class Person {
    private String name; // private variable
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

Person p = new Person();
p.setName("Alice");
System.out.println(p.getName());

• Use private for fields
• Use public getters and setters to access and update fields