The top must known inbuilt function in python are

Abs Function

Abs function helps to return the absolute value of given number

#Abs Function
input_value = -50

output_value = abs(input_value)
print(output_value)

Output

50

All Function

All function checks all the elements in the given iterable is true or not

#All Function
input_value = [10, 20, 30, 40]

output_value = all(input_value)
print(output_value)

Output

True

Zero or False value in the given input returns false

#All Function
input_value = [10, 20, 30, 0]

output_value = all(input_value)
print(output_value)

Output

False

Any Function

Any function returns true if any one of the element is true in given iterable

#Any Function
input_value = [10, 20, 30, 0]

output_value = any(input_value)
print(output_value)

Output

True

ASCII(Ord) Function

Ord function helps to return the ASCII (American Standard Code for Information value of given character Interchange)

#Ord Function
input_value = "R"

output_value = ord(input_value)
print(output_value)

Output

82

Bin Function

Bin function helps to convert the decimal number to a binary string. Result have ob prefix which indicates the binary format

#Bin Function
input_value = 10

output_value = bin(input_value)
print(output_value)

Output

0b1010

Bool Function

Bool functions returns the Boolean value (i.e.) either true or false

#Bool Function
input_value1 = 0
input_value2 = 1

output_value1 = bool(input_value1)
print(output_value1)

output_value2 = bool(input_value2)
print(output_value2)

Output

False
True

Breakpoint Function

In python 3.7, breakpoint function has introduced which helps to invoke breakpoint without import of pdb module. Previously we can use the pdb module, in which pdb.set_trace() function act as a breakpoint

#Breakpoint Function
input_value1 = 0
input_value2 = 1

output_value1 = bool(input_value1)
print(output_value1)


output_value2 = bool(input_value2)
print("Want to continue? Press c and Enter")
breakpoint()
print(output_value2)

Output

False
Want to continue? Press c and Enter
> <string>(12)<module>()
(Pdb) c
True

Bytearray Function

As per python documentation, Bytearray function Return a new array of bytes. The bytearray type is a mutable sequence of integers in the range 0 < x < 256.

source [optional]: byte array initializer

encoding [optional]: string encoding method

errors [optional]: steps to perform during failure of encoding

#ByteArray Function
input_data = "RATHNA SCHOOLS"

output1 = bytearray(input_data, "utf-8")
print(output1)

output2 = bytearray(input_data, "utf-16")
print(output2)

Output

bytearray(b'RATHNA SCHOOLS')
bytearray(b'\xff\xfeR\x00A\x00T\x00H\x00N\x00A\x00 \x00S\x00C\x00H\x00O\x00O\x00L\x00S\x00')

Bytes Function

Byte function is similar to bytearray but they returns a immutable bytes object, so it cannot be changed once declared

#Bytes Function
input_data = "RATHNA SCHOOLS"

output1 = bytes(input_data, "utf-8")
print(output1)

output2 = bytes(input_data, "utf-16")
print(output2)

Output

b'RATHNA SCHOOLS'
b'\xff\xfeR\x00A\x00T\x00H\x00N\x00A\x00 \x00S\x00C\x00H\x00O\x00O\x00L\x00S\x00'

Callable Function

Callable function helps to check whether the given object argument is callable or not

#Function1
def add():
    return "add function"

#Function2
def sub():
    return "sub function"

#Variable
mul = "mul function"

print(callable(add))
print(callable(sub))
#Its variable, not a callable function
print(callable(mul))

Output

True
True
False

Chr Function

Chr function helps to convert the ASCII value to its original character

#Chr Function
input_data = "R"

#convert to ASCII value
output_value1 = ord(input_data)
print(output_value1)

#Convert back to original character
output_value2 = chr(output_value1)
print(output_value2)

Output

82
R

Compile Function

Compile method helps to convert the source code to an executable, so that it can execute whenever required

syntax - compile(source, filename, mode)

source - source code (it can single line or complete block

filename - source code reading filename, if not we can pass random name

mode - eval mode in case of single line, exec can use for multi line source code

#Compile Function
source_code = "print('RATHNA SCHOOLS')"

compile_code = compile(source_code, "Test", "eval")

eval(compile_code)

Output

RATHNA SCHOOLS

Complex Function

Complex function used to covert the string or number into a complex number

#Complex Function
input_data1 = complex(5,10)
print(input_data1)

input_data2 = complex(5)
print(input_data2)

Output

(5+10j)
(5+0j)

Deltattr Function

Deltattr function helps to delete the named attribute from the given object which should be allows it

#Delattr Function
class Score:
    python = 100
    js = 90
    java = 80

#Object Creation
score_object = Score()

#Before Deletion
print(score_object.python)
print(score_object.js)
print(score_object.java)

#After Deletion
delattr(Score, 'java')
print(score_object.python)
print(score_object.js)
print(score_object.java)

Output

100
90
80
100
90
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 19, in <module>
AttributeError: 'Score' object has no attribute 'java'

Dict Function

Dict Function helps to create a new dictionary

#Dict Function
input_dict = dict(
    Name = "Rathna Schools",
    Language = "Python"
    )

print(input_dict)

Output

{'Name': 'Rathna Schools', 'Language': 'Python'}

Dir Function

Dir function is one of the most important built-in function in python.

without parameter - It helps to return the list of name in current local scope

with parameter - it helps to list the valid methods of given object in current local scope

#Dir Function
print("Without parameter")
print(dir())

print("With Parameter")
input_data = list()
print(dir(input_data))

Output

Without parameter
['__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__']
With Parameter
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']

Divmod Function

Divmod function takes two arguments and return its quotient and remainder

#Divmod Function
input_value = 19
target_value = 3

result = divmod(input_value, target_value)
print(result)

Output

(6, 1)

Enumerate Function

Enumerate function helps to create enumerate object by adding counter to iterable from 0 index

#Enumerate Function
month_list = ["Jan", "Feb", "Mar"]

result = list(enumerate(month_list))
print(result)

Output

[(0, 'Jan'), (1, 'Feb'), (2, 'Mar')]

Eval Function

Eval function helps to evaluates the single expression and return the calculated result of that corresponding expression

#Eval Function
statement = "print('Rathna Schools')"
eval(statement)

Output

Rathna Schools

Exec Function

Exec function helps to evaluates the one or more expression and return the calculated result of that corresponding expression or statement

#Exec Function
statement = "for _ in range(0,3):\n\tprint('Rathna Schools')"
exec(statement)

Output

Rathna Schools
Rathna Schools
Rathna Schools

Filter Function

Filter function usually accepts two parameter, a function which should check each elements and the sequence which is needs to gets filtered

#Filter Function
def find_even(num):
    if num%2==0: return True

input_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
result = list(filter(find_even, input_list))
print(result)

Output

[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

Format Function

Format function helps to handle the complex string formatting representation easily in python

input_name = "Rathna Schools"

#Format Function Different Use Cases
print("Learn Python - {0}".format(input_name))
print("Learn Python - {}".format(input_name))
print("The sum of {0} + {1} is {2}".format(50, 100, 50+100))
print("The sum of {} + {} is {}".format(50, 100, 50+100))
print("The sum of {num1} + {num2} is {result}".format(num1=50, num2=100, result=50+100))
print("The sum of {num1} + {num2} is {result}".format(num2=100, result=50+100, num1=50))

Output

Learn Python - Rathna Schools
Learn Python - Rathna Schools
The sum of 50 + 100 is 150
The sum of 50 + 100 is 150
The sum of 50 + 100 is 150
The sum of 50 + 100 is 150

Hash Function

Hash function helps to convert the given immutable data into hashable value

#Hash Function
input_name = "Rathna Schools"
encoded_result = hash(input_name)
#Every time generate new value
print(encoded_result)

#Immutable data raises exception
input_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
encoded_list = hash(input_list)
print(encoded_list)

Output

6055507806959227419
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 9, in <module>
TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'

Hex Function

Hex function helps to covert the given integer number to hexa decimal value

#Hex Function
input_num = 100
result = hex(input_num)
print(result)

Output

0x64

Id Function

Id function helps to return the address of the given object in memory. As per python documentation, two objects with non-overlapping lifetimes may have the same id value.

#Id Function
input_num1 = 100
result1 = id(input_num1)
print(result1)

#Immutable data types with same value, have same memory location
input_num2 = 100
result2 = id(input_num2)
print(result2)

#If we change the value, then memory location changes
input_num2 = 50
result2 = id(input_num2)
print(result2)

Output

9792160
9792160
9790560

Input Function

input() helps to interact with user and get the user's input in string format

#Input Function
input_name = input("Please enter the name : ")
print(input_name)

Output

Please enter the name : Rathna Schools
Rathna Schools

Iter Function

Iter function helps to convert the given sequence to iterator object. To access the elements in iterator we can use the next() function

#Iter Function
months = ["Jan" , "Feb", "Mar", "Apr"]
iter_months = iter(months)
try:
    while iter_months:
        print(next(iter_months))
except StopIteration:
    print("completed")

Output

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
completed

Locals Function

Locals function helps to return a dict value of current local symbol table

#Locals Function
def func_without_local():
    print(locals())

def func_with_local():
    name = "Rathna Schools"
    print(locals())

#Return empty dict
func_without_local()

#Return local variable dict
func_with_local()

Output

{}
{'name': 'Rathna Schools'}

Map Function

Map function helps to apply the function and yield the results of each item in given sequence

#Map Function
def two_multiple(num):
    return num*2

input_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
result = list(map(two_multiple, input_list))
print(result)

Output

[2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20]

Object Function

Object function helps to return a new feature less object which can be a base of all classes

#Object Function
obj_example =  object()
print(type(obj_example))
print(id(obj_example))

Output

<class 'object'>
140529277524880

Repr Function

Repr functions are similar to str() function but it return the printable string representation of the given object

#Repr Function
input_name = "Rathna's Schools"
print(str(input_name))
print(repr(input_name))

Output

Rathna's Schools
"Rathna's Schools"

Reversed Function

Reversed function helps to reverse the given iterable and returns the reversed iterator

#Reversed Function
input_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
print(list(reversed(input_list)))

Output

[9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

Slice Function

Slice function helps to return slice object from any sequence object like string, list, tuple etc..

Syntax

slice(start, stop, step)

#Slice Function
input_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

#Different Use Cases
print(input_list[0:5])
print(input_list[3:8])
print(input_list[0:10:2])

Output

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
[4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]

Zip Function

zip(*iterable) function helps to return a ZIP object. we can pass multiple iterables as parameter to ZIP function in order to create a single zip object

#Zip Function
index_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
month_list = ["Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May"]

for index, month in zip(index_list, month_list):
    print(index, month)

Output

1 Jan
2 Feb
3 Mar
4 Apr
5 May